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2) Others have found the longevity of both types of fillings to be essentially the same: Heintze 2012 (90% at 10 years), Kim 2013 (amalgam 11.8 years vs. composite 11.0 years), Opdam 2007 (92% survival at 5 years, 82% at 10 yr. for composite vs. 90% 5 yr. and 79% 10 yr. for amalgam). 3) One recent study, Opdam (2010) seems to give dental ...
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Permanent Mold and Composite Mold Casting Expendable Mold Casting: This is the type of casting process molds are made of sand and cannot be reused. This method is used to produce expensive parts or equipment at less cost. These are also called temporary mold. As this is a temporary mold so, the surface finish & accuracy is not so clean.
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Advantages of Hydroelectric Power. 1. Hydroelectric Technology Development is well established. Many countries already rely heavily on hydroelectric power plants. For example, Paraguay is fully hydro powered, and even exports a surplus. All in all around 20% of the global demand for energy is already met by hydroelectric power.
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Disadvantages The presence of water makes soluble oils more susceptible to rust control problems, bacterial growth and rancidity, tramp oil contamination, and evaporation losses. Soluble oils are usually formulated with additives to provide additional corrosion protection and resistance to microbial degradation.
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Small business owners have the upper hand in helping their employees, and their community simply because they care. Your small business can contribute to the local society by opening creating jobs, helping employees live a better and more fulfilled life and improve the lifestyle of the people living in the community.
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Wind turbine is suitable to install in remote rural area, water pumping and grinding mills Average capacity factor can be close or higher than 30% Disadvantages The total cost can be cheaper than solar system but more expensive than hydro. Electricity production depends on- wind speed, location, season and air temperature.
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Disadvantages: In this machining process high tool wear occurs. Tool wears limits accuracy and surface finish of metal. Only good conductors of electricity can be machined by EDM. This is all about electrical discharge machining, principle, working, equipment's, advantages and disadvantages with its diagram.
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Diagram of lapping Advantages of lapping: Extreme accuracy of dimensions Correction of minor imperfections of shape Refinement of surface finish Producing close fit between mating surfaces It does not require the use of holding devices; therefore, no workpiece distortion occurs.
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introduction to micromachining, v.k.jain (editor) published by narosa publishers, n ew delhi (2009). (second edition) micromanufacturing processes by v. k. jain (editor), crc press. advanced machining processes by v.k jain, allied publishers, new delhi. non-conventional material removal processes by v.k.jain, block-4, indira gandhi national open university (ignou), new
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- The cross slide is attached to the top of the carriage and allows the tool to move towards or away from the workpiece, changing the depth of cut. As with the carriage, the cross slide is powered by a motor or hand wheel. Compound - The compound is attached on top of the cross slide and supports the cutting tool.
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where W is the work input required in kilowatt hours per short ton to grind from 80% passing F microns to 80% passing P microns, and Wi is the work index, or the grinding resistance parameter. It represents the energy input required in kilowatt hours to reduce a short ton from theoretically infinite feed size to 80% passing 100 microns.
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Disadvantages: It is quite slower than other mechanical process. Tool wear is high because abrasive particle affect both work-piece and tool. It can machine only hard material. Ductile metal cannot be machine by this method. It cannot used to drill deep hole.
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The width of the scratch is read in microns by means of a filar micrometer eyepiece. The scale is derived by using the reciprocal of the cut width in microns squared, multiplied by 10,000: K= 10,000/W2 whereKis the microcharacter scale, andWis the width of cut in microns. Introduction to Hardness Testing / 3 Hardness Testing, 2nd Edition, 06671G
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Filamentous fungi have been of great interest because of their excellent ability as cell factories to manufacture useful products for human beings. The development of genetic transformation techniques is a precondition that enables scientists to target and modify genes efficiently and may reveal the function of target genes. The method to deliver foreign nucleic acid into cells is the sticking ...
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3. Slaughter house and processing plant waste. 4. Dead . 1. POULTRY MANURE. Two main types of waste are produced by poultry enterprises depending on the rearing system adopted on the farm. • Poultry litter - Waste from deep litter systems. • Cage layer waste - Excreta collected under the cages, spilled feed and feathers.
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Theoretically, there is no friction in the conveying direction, so the driving power needed is relatively very small. Compared to traditional large driving power, such method greatly reduces the power consumption. The magnetic material's properties of such magnetic belt conveyors depends on the levitation force needed.
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The metal removal rate is higher very high as the cutter has a high speed and many cutting edges. It is the most important machine in the tool room as nearly all the operations can be performed on it with high accuracy. MRR (Material Removal Rate) can be further increased by increasing the number of teeth on the cutter.
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Sensor. Below are some of the advantages and disadvantages explained. Some of the limit switch sensors have a high current capability, require limited tech sensing, and available at low cost. The demerits of this limit switch sensor are it requires physical contact and have a very slow pickup time.
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EDM drawbacks:Lengthy machining times and high tool wear Laser drawbacks:Formation of a recast layer and heat-affected zones (HAZ) and low surface quality of the workpiece. Solution: Hybridization of LBM and EDM as LAEDM addresses their respective disadvantages.
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Disadvantages All non-conducting materials cannot be machined. Tools material and workpiece material should be chemically stable with the electrolyte solution. Designing and marking of the tool is difficult but its life is long so recommended only for mass production. The accurate feed rate of tools is required.
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The primary advantages and Disadvantages when compared to other NDT methods are.. Advantages High sensitivity (small discontinuities can be detected). Few material limitations (metallic and nonmetallic, magnetic and nonmagnetic, and conductive and nonconductive materials may be inspected). Rapid inspection of large areas and volumes.
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The abrasiveness of sand particles with size <45 µ m also ensures less wearing of chrome-steel grinding mill used to grind raw materials, which would otherwise contaminate the mixture with Fe and Cr. Usually, sand is ground separately using ceramic grinding media to avoid chromium contamination.
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Advantages: Heat sink or transfer where other conventional methods are impractical e.g. underneath the chip component. Increased current carrying capacity due to higher thermal conductivity (between 3.5 to 15 W/mK) of the conductive material. Disadvantages: High instability of copper pad and copper plating inside the via hole barrel.
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Advantages of ECM •The components are not subject to either thermal or mechanical stress. •No tool wear during ECM process. •Fragile parts can be machined easily as there is no stress involved. •ECM deburring can debur difficult to access areas of parts. •High surface finish (up to 25 µm in) can be achieved by ECM process.
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Welding Advantages Welding establishes strong, durable, and permanent joint links. It is a simple process that results in a great finish. The technique, when used with filler material, produces a stronger weld than the base material. It can be performed at any place It is an economical and affordable process
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This list of disadvantages is continuous with difficult separation procedures, high pressure, and energy requirement. Their large-scale production is difficult, chemical purification of...
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Advantages:- Easy to perform the operation. Person with little skill set can perform the operation. Material removal rate is flexible (can be veried between very small to some great amount). Close toleranced parts can be obtained. Multiple operation can be performed with same tool or same job position.
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Advantages and Disadvantages of PF-1214 Impact Crusher Advantages and Disadvantages of PF-1214 . of the rotor is different, can be divided into two kinds, . Gyratory Crusher What Is Advantages And Disadvantages - Gold .
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bulk polymerization has the following advantages: the compound in the mixture is in a liquid state with no additional solvent, particle size of the resulting mip is easy to control, it has low cost...
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The paper presents the advantages of using this technology as well as satisfaction of the patients and dentists by using systems as: Cercon, Celay, Cerec, Lava, Everest, which represent imperative of modern dentistry in creating fixed dental restorations. 1. Introduction
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Grinding & Preliminary Mechanical Preparation After the specimen has been cut to shape, or cut to shape and mounted, it is made plane by grinding on grinding wheel or preferably by motor driven emery belt of different ratings of 60 to 100 grits. Once this is done, it is taken to emery papers 1/0, 2/0, 3/0 and 4/0 or equivalent.
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Answer: a. Clarification: Micro machining processes (MMPs) are used for; (1) Minimizing energy and materials used in manufacturing Reduction of power budget. (2) Faster devices. (3) Increased selectivity and sensitivity. (4) Improved accuracy and reliability. (5) Cost/ performance advantages. (6) Integration with electronics, simplifying systems.
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Advantages of Solid State Fermentation (SSF) The main advantage of such methods is that it produces a minimum amount of waste and liquid effluent thus not very damaging to the environment. Solid substrate fermentation employs simple natural solids as the media. Low technology, low energy expenditure and requires less capital investment.
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Advantages of Microsoft Word. Microsoft Word is a great tool as typing is faster than ever, It is easy to correct mistakes by just hitting the backspace or delete button, There are templates for any type of document and mail merge from a database so that you can easily send out the letters to multiple people at a time.. You can align the text whether at the center, right or left margins or ...
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Advantages of Roller Mills. 1. Produce more uniform, fewer fines, and oversized particles when it comes to product quality. 2. Generates less heat (0 - 3 0 C) unlike hammer mill that generates up to 10 0 C. 3. Less moisture loss. 4. Better work environment due to low machine noises level.
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A metastable calcium phosphate solution provides excellent bioactivity of the HA/YSZ/Ti-6Al-4V composite coatings, which have the ability to induce -like apatite nucleation and growth on implant surface [ 38 ]. Fouda et al. [ 10] reported that HA coated titanium implant could enhance the healing period compared to the uncoated implants.
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Micro Machining. Mechanical micro machining includes the methods of micro milling, micro drilling, and micro grinding. From: Hot Embossing, 2009. Related terms: Electric Discharge Machining; Fabrication; ... The EMM process has the following advantages over other micromachining processes: 1.
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Trepanning. Trepanning also uses multiple laser pulses to produce the hole. In this process, a pilot hole is first created using percussion drilling. Then the laser enlarges the pilot hole, moving over the workpiece in a series of increasingly larger circles. Most of the molten material is expelled downward through the hole.
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3. Honing sticks, or honing tools, are used for finishing internal bores. Internal grinding uses smaller-diameter wheels or abrasive products for grinding or finishing the surface of a part's inner diameter (ID). SPECIFICATIONS. Product specifications for hones and honing tools include width, rotary speed, and shank or bore diameter.
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The tool must be at least 30 to 50% harder than the workpiece material but the workpiece itself is very hard, there is no cutting tool available harder than the one-piece material. For example, die Steel, Tool Steel, tungsten, etc. Poor machinability material can't be machined by a conventional method. For example, Alloys.
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